The osculum is occupied with large number of calcareous spicules like structure around the cylinder.ĭermal pores- The body of sponges is occupied with uniform depressions or furrows known as ostia. It plays an important role in creating a direct passage between para-gastric cavity (spongocoel) and the external environment. Osculum- This arrangement is found at the end of the cylindrical structure of porifera and hold a wide opening.

Porifera can be compared with vase narrow at both ends and swollen in middle area.

The structure of porifera is generally cylindrical that holds a structure stolon. Some species are embosymbionts, photosynthesizing organisms that synthesize more food and energy for its growth and reproduction. The sponges are limited to polar region in deep ocean where the population of predator is less. Some species of sponges are carnivores and feed on crustaceans for living. Although, they have evolved and now hold a skeletal like structure made of calcium carbonate. They lack a skeletal structure hence comes under the class of invertebrates. They also help in absorbing nutrients from the environment and supports detoxification as well.

These cells are flagellated and provide motility to the sponges. They possess special sucking cells called choanocytes that help in water absorption. The porifera including sponges, are multicellular organisms that are found in the deep sea. The sponges lack cell wall and hence are found in different shape and size. Study that details the study of sponges is known as spongiology.

They were identified some 8000 years ago in fossil fuels that explains the structure of these sponges. They were often related to plants due to their noticeable movement. They are found on rocks or submerged zones under water. There are estimated 5000 different species of sponges identified. The phylum porifera typically include sponges and possess aquatic feeding structures that help them to sustain under water.

What stage does the sponge move?